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Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with a prevalence rate of 3-5%. There is no modern drug which cures PE so far. On the other hand, plant medicines are claimed to cure this disease. Exploring potential plant medicines for their therapeutic Original Research Article and/or prophylactic uses in this disease, therefore has paramount importance. In Ethiopia, there is a strong claim that leavesof Moringastenopetalaand Thymus schimperihave anti-hypertension activities.Thus, the current study was supposed to prove the potential therapeutic effects of the two plants against PE.PEreducesorgan blood flow and increasesvascular resistance. Assessing these variables has widely been accepted when monitoring high-risk pregnancies and evaluating therapeutic and/or prophylactic uses of drugs.Methods: A comparative experimental case control study was employed to determine the effects of aqueous crude extracts of Thymus schimperiand Moringastenopetalaon regional blood flow velocities and vascular resistance of PE Albino-Wistar rat models induced by a potent vasoconstrictor, nitro-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME). A Doppler flow meter (Atys, Directive 93/42/EEC/CEE, Model, BASIC123LP) was used to measure the systolic and diastolic regional blood flow velocities through abdominal aorta, uterine, renal and common carotid arteries. The peripheral vascular resistance for the respective vessels were evaluated using resistivity and pulsatility indices.Results: Aqueous leaf extracts of T. schimperi(ALETS) and M. stenopetala(ALEMS) significantly increased regional blood flow velocities and decreased peripheral vascular resistance in PE rat modelsin a dose dependent pattern compared with untreated controls. For example, ALETS treated PE groups showed increased diastolicblood velocity (DBV) (cm/sec) of uterine arteries 3.8±0.4 (p<0.05), 4.2±0.4 (p<0.01), 7.3±0.5 (p<0.01), while ALEMS treated PE group had uterine arterial DBV of 2.8±0.3 (p<0.01), 3.5±0.8 (p<0.05), 6.6±0.8 (p<0.01) with daily doses of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1gm/kg, respectively. Moreover, the vascular resistances (measured by resistivity and pulsatility indices), of the respective vessels were significantly lower in a dose dependent pattern. Conclusion:Both ALETS and ALEMS could increaseregional blood flow velocities and decrease vascular resistances ofPE rat models. Further investigation should, however, be carried out to confirm their therapeutic merits.
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Aim:The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite and the abundance of malaria vectors in and around the university hostels. Place and Duration of Study:The study was carried out in some selected hostels of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, from the month of March to September,2018. Methodology:One hundred and fifty (150) students which volunteered from the selected hostels were tested for malaria parasite. Questionnaire on the frequency of clinical symptoms were distributed to these students. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected through pyrethrum spray-sheet collection (PSC).Larval sampling was carried out for the immature stages of mosquitoes. Results:Of the students examined for malaria parasite, 135 (90%)showed positivity to the parasite. From the questionnaire distributed, 30 (20%) of the students were treated for malaria every 3months, 20(13.3%) every 6 months, 24 (16%) before resuming school, and 76(50.7%) only treated when they developed clinical malaria. Two hundred and two (202) mosquito larvae were collected from their breeding habitats during larval sampling and two hundred and four (204) adult mosquitoes of different species were collected indoors. However there was no significant difference between the number of rooms sampled and the number of mosquitoes collected at 5% level of significance (x2tab > x2cal; 9.488 >6.307).Conclusion:The study revealed that the students living in the hostels were highly exposed to malaria infection and a host of other mosquito borne diseases. The abundance of Anophelesgambiaesensu lacto in the university environment and the high prevalence rate of malaria is an indication of continuous transmission in the area. Therefore re-echoed awareness campaigns on the danger of malaria infection and its prevention and control through personal and environmental management should be carried out to educate all students especially those who attended medical check-ups during registration. was led on 423 Type II diabetic patients going to diabetic facilities at emergency clinics in Addis Ababa. Study members were chosen by utilizing orderly arbitrary examining procedure. A pre-tried organized survey was utilized to gather the information. Understanding Activation Measure (PAM-13) was utilized to survey tolerant actuation levels. Information were entered and dissected utilizing SPSS rendition 23 for windows. Concentrate members' qualities were portrayed as far as mean (Standard deviation) and recurrence (extent). Bivariate examination and various calculated relapse investigations were completed to recognize free factors related with patient enactment among sort II diabetes patients. Results:The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 55.7(±9.8) years. Majority of the study participants, 319 (77.8%) had low meal planning knowledge, 62.4% of patients involved in low physical activity and 82.2% had poor glycemic control. About 75.6% of the patients had low activation and the remaining 24.4% had high activation. The independent factors associated with lower activation were Illiterate educational status (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.3), low physical activity (AOR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9), low meal planning knowledge (AOR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), chronic comorbidities (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-3.9) and poor glycemic control (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.4–7.5).Conclusions:The findings revealed that majority of diabetic II patients had low activation; indicating patients had low knowledge and understanding regarding the influence of lifestyle in diabetes management. Illiterate educational status, low physical activity, low meal planning knowledge, chronic comorbidities and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with lower activation
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Thepresentreviewaimstoassesstheblooddonationsafetybypeoplesufferedfromdiabetes,hypertension,malariaandcancer.Diabetes,hypertension,malariaandcancerhavebecomecommonhealthproblemsinhumansociety.Casesofbloodtransfusion-transmittedmalaria,hypertension,cancerandthesafetyofblooddonationbydiabeticpeoplehavebeendescribedaroundtheworldandhighlightedinsomestudies.Diabetesisgenerallyassociatedwithcomplicationsandpeoplewithdiabetesusuallytakedifferentmedicationsandmayalreadyhaveanaemiasecondarytorenalimpairment,B12deficiency.Asfortherecipientsafety,abloodfromapersonwithhyperglycaemiabutotherwisehealthyi.e.satisfyblooddonationsafetystandards(norecordofHIV,HepatitisBorC)wouldbequitesafetoreceiveastheextraglucosewouldsimplyberegulatedandutilisedbytherecipient'sbody.Hypoglycemiaisasbadashyperglycemiaandcouldbefatalandhence,generally,itisnotdesiredthatdiabeticsgiveblooddonations.Diabeticpatientstakingbovineorporcineinsulinmaydevelopantibodiesanditisnotrecommendedthattheantibodycontaminatedbloodtobegiventoanyotherperson.Apersonwithhypertensioncandonateblood,aslongasthebloodpressureisnormalatthetimeofblooddonationandthere’snofluctuation.Malariaisalsoreadilytransmittedbybloodtransfusionthroughdonationscollectedfromasymptomatic,parasitaemicdonors.Theparasiteisreleasedintothebloodstreamduringitslifecycleandwill,therefore,bepresentinblooddonatedbyinfectedindividuals.Thepresenceoftotalanti-Plasmodiumspp.antibodiesinthebloodstreamofindividualsmanyyearsafterexposure,withnohistoryofmalariainthemeantime,isimportanttohighlight.Regardingdonorswithcancerblooddonationsshouldnotbetakenfrompeoplewithrecentlyactivemalignancies,exceptinthecaseofbasalcellcarcinomaorcervicalcarcinomainsitu